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Al-Aziz Muhammad
Al Aziz Muhammad was the Ayyubid emir of Aleppo (r.1216-1236) (613-634), son of Az-Zahir Ghazi and grandson of Saladin. His mother was Dayfa Khatun, the daughter of Saladin’s brother Al-Adil.
Al Aziz Muhammad was aged just three when his father Az- Zahir Ghazi died in 1216 at the age of forty-five. He immediately inherited his father’s position as ruler of Aleppo. A regency council was formed, which appointed Shihab ad-Din Toghril as his atabeg or guardian. Toghril was a mamluk of az-Zahir Ghazi and the effective ruler of Aleppo for the next fifteen years. 〔Tabbaa, Yasser, Constructions of Power and Piety in Medieval Aleppo, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-271-01562-4, p.29〕
==Reign==
Al Aziz did not take actual control of power until the age of seventeen, at which point he retained Toghril as his treasurer. In general he avoided becoming drawn into the complex disputes between different members of the Ayyubid dynasty, and concentrated instead on strengthening the defences and infrastructure of Aleppo. 〔Tabbaa, Yasser, Constructions of Power and Piety in Medieval Aleppo, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-271-01562-4, p.29〕 Among the construction works begun by Az-Zahir Ghazi and completed by Al-Aziz Muhammad were the refortification of the citadel, and, within it, the building of the palace, the mosque, the arsenal and the water cisterns. 〔Tabbaa, Yasser, Constructions of Power and Piety in Medieval Aleppo, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-271-01562-4, p.60〕 Al Aziz is known to have married Fatima Khatun, daughter of Al-Kamil, who apparently shared his passion for building and commissioned the construction of two madrasas in Aleppo 〔Tabbaa, Yasser, Constructions of Power and Piety in Medieval Aleppo, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-271-01562-4, p.136〕
In 1232, shortly After Al Aziz attained his majority Sultan Al-Kamil of Egypt gathered a major force bringing together armies from across the Ayyubid confederation to attack Diyar Bakr. Aleppo was the only emirate which stood aloof and contributed no troops.〔Humphreys,R. S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.222〕 However, in 1234, Al Aziz did furnish units which he contributed to another army led by Al Kamil which went out to invade Anatolia, probably heading for Malatya. Al Aziz did not himself take part in the campaign, which in any case was driven back by the Seljuq forces of Sultan Ala ad-Din Kayqubad. 〔Humphreys,R. S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.224-5〕
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